TruLens Evaluation Setup

Configure feedback functions to evaluate your LLM app's quality.

Interactive Evaluation Selection

Before proceeding, let's determine the right evaluations for your app.

Question 1: What type of app are you building?

Option A: RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

• Your app retrieves documents/chunks from a knowledge base
• It generates responses grounded in the retrieved context
• Examples: Q&A systems, document search, knowledge assistants

→ Recommended: RAG Triad metrics

• Context Relevance
• Groundedness
• Answer Relevance

Option B: Agent

• Your app uses tools to accomplish tasks
• It may involve multi-step reasoning or planning
• Examples: research agents, coding assistants, task automation

→ Recommended: Agent GPA metrics (continue to Question 2)

---

Question 2 (Agents only): Does your agent do explicit planning?

Yes, my agent creates plans before executing:

• Agent outputs a plan/strategy before taking actions
• Agent references its plan during execution

→ Use all Agent GPA metrics:

• Logical Consistency
• Plan Quality
• Plan Adherence
• Execution Efficiency
• Tool Selection
• Tool Calling
• Tool Quality

No, my agent acts without explicit planning:

• Agent takes actions directly without stating a plan
• Agent uses reactive decision-making

→ Use Agent GPA metrics (excluding plan metrics):

• Logical Consistency
• Execution Efficiency
• Tool Selection
• Tool Calling
• Tool Quality

---

Question 3: Do you want to add any additional evaluations?

Consider adding these based on your needs:

Evaluation	Use Case
Coherence	Check if output is well-structured and readable
Conciseness	Ensure responses aren't unnecessarily verbose
Harmlessness	Detect potentially harmful content
Sentiment	Analyze emotional tone of responses
Custom metrics	Domain-specific evaluations (see below)

Creating Custom Metrics

If you need domain-specific evaluations, describe what you want to measure:

What aspect of your app do you want to evaluate?

Examples:

• "Check if the response follows our brand voice guidelines"
• "Verify the output contains required legal disclaimers"
• "Measure technical accuracy for code generation"
• "Evaluate if customer support responses show empathy"

Template for custom metrics:

def my_custom_metric(input_text: str, output_text: str) -> float:
    """
    Describe what this metric evaluates.

    Returns:
        float: Score between 0.0 (worst) and 1.0 (best)
    """
    # Option 1: Rule-based logic
    # score = 1.0 if "required phrase" in output_text else 0.0

    # Option 2: Use LLM-as-judge
    # provider = OpenAI()
    # response = provider.client.chat.completions.create(
    #     model="gpt-4o",
    #     messages=[{
    #         "role": "user",
    #         "content": f"Rate this response on [YOUR CRITERIA]. Input: {input_text} Output: {output_text}. Return only a number 0-10."
    #     }]
    # )
    # score = float(response.choices[0].message.content) / 10.0

    return score

f_custom = (
    Feedback(my_custom_metric, name="My Custom Metric")
    .on_input()
    .on_output()
)

Custom metric with context:

def custom_with_context(query: str, context: str, response: str) -> float:
    """Evaluate using query, retrieved context, and response."""
    # Your evaluation logic
    return score

f_custom_context = (
    Feedback(custom_with_context, name="Custom Context Metric")
    .on_input()
    .on_context(collect_list=True)
    .on_output()
)

Tell me what you want to evaluate and I'll help you create the metric!

---

Overview

Feedback functions evaluate specific aspects of your app by:

1. Selecting data from instrumented spans (inputs, outputs, retrieved contexts)
2. Applying evaluation logic (LLM-as-judge, similarity metrics, etc.)
3. Returning scores between 0.0 and 1.0

Prerequisites

pip install trulens trulens-providers-openai

Instructions

Step 1: Initialize a Feedback Provider

from trulens.providers.openai import OpenAI

provider = OpenAI(model_engine="gpt-4o")

Step 2: Create Feedback Functions with Selector Shortcuts

TruLens provides shortcuts for common selection patterns:

from trulens.core import Feedback

# Answer relevance: input → output
f_answer_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Answer Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on_output()
)

# Context relevance: input → each context chunk
f_context_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.context_relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Context Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on_context(collect_list=False)  # Evaluates each context individually
)

# Groundedness: all contexts → output
f_groundedness = (
    Feedback(provider.groundedness_measure_with_cot_reasons, name="Groundedness")
    .on_context(collect_list=True)  # Concatenates all contexts
    .on_output()
)

Shortcut Reference:

Shortcut	Selects	Required Span Type
on_input()	App input	RECORD_ROOT
on_output()	App output	RECORD_ROOT
on_context()	Retrieved contexts	RETRIEVAL

⚠️ IMPORTANT: .on_input() and .on_output() require RECORD_ROOT spans!

These shortcuts look for spans with span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RECORD_ROOT. If you use manual instrumentation with a different span type (like AGENT), the shortcuts will not find any data.

Solutions:

• Use framework wrappers (TruGraph, TruChain, TruLlama) which create RECORD_ROOT automatically
• Use explicit @instrument(span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RECORD_ROOT, ...) on your entry point
• Use explicit Selector objects instead of shortcuts (see Step 3)

Step 3: Using Explicit Selectors

For more control, use Selector to target specific span attributes:

from trulens.core import Feedback
from trulens.core.feedback.selector import Selector
from trulens.otel.semconv.trace import SpanAttributes

f_answer_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Answer Relevance")
    .on({
        "prompt": Selector(
            span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RECORD_ROOT,
            span_attribute=SpanAttributes.RECORD_ROOT.INPUT,
        ),
    })
    .on({
        "response": Selector(
            span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RECORD_ROOT,
            span_attribute=SpanAttributes.RECORD_ROOT.OUTPUT,
        ),
    })
)

Step 4: Understanding collect_list

The collect_list parameter controls how multiple values are handled:

Setting	Behavior	Use Case
collect_list=False	Evaluate each value individually	Context relevance (score each chunk)
collect_list=True	Concatenate all values	Groundedness (check against all context)

# Evaluate each retrieved context individually (returns multiple scores)
f_context_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.context_relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Context Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on({
        "context": Selector(
            span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RETRIEVAL,
            span_attribute=SpanAttributes.RETRIEVAL.RETRIEVED_CONTEXTS,
            collect_list=False  # Each context evaluated separately
        ),
    })
)

# Evaluate against all contexts combined (returns single score)
f_groundedness = (
    Feedback(provider.groundedness_measure_with_cot_reasons, name="Groundedness")
    .on({
        "context": Selector(
            span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RETRIEVAL,
            span_attribute=SpanAttributes.RETRIEVAL.RETRIEVED_CONTEXTS,
            collect_list=True  # All contexts concatenated
        ),
    })
    .on_output()
)

Step 5: Aggregating Multiple Scores

When collect_list=False produces multiple scores, aggregate them:

import numpy as np

f_context_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.context_relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Context Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on_context(collect_list=False)
    .aggregate(np.mean)  # Average all context relevance scores
)

Common aggregation functions:

• np.mean - Average score
• np.min - Worst score (conservative)
• np.max - Best score (optimistic)

Common Patterns

RAG Triad Setup

import numpy as np
from trulens.core import Feedback
from trulens.providers.openai import OpenAI

provider = OpenAI()

# Context Relevance: Is each retrieved chunk relevant to the query?
f_context_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.context_relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Context Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on_context(collect_list=False)
    .aggregate(np.mean)
)

# Groundedness: Is the response grounded in the retrieved context?
f_groundedness = (
    Feedback(provider.groundedness_measure_with_cot_reasons, name="Groundedness")
    .on_context(collect_list=True)
    .on_output()
)

# Answer Relevance: Does the response answer the original question?
f_answer_relevance = (
    Feedback(provider.relevance_with_cot_reasons, name="Answer Relevance")
    .on_input()
    .on_output()
)

rag_feedbacks = [f_context_relevance, f_groundedness, f_answer_relevance]

Agent GPA Setup

from trulens.core import Feedback
from trulens.core.feedback.selector import Selector
from trulens.providers.openai import OpenAI

provider = OpenAI()

# All Agent GPA metrics use trace-level selection
trace_selector = {"trace": Selector(trace_level=True)}

# Logical Consistency
f_logical_consistency = (
    Feedback(provider.logical_consistency_with_cot_reasons, name="Logical Consistency")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Plan Quality (exclude if agent doesn't do explicit planning)
f_plan_quality = (
    Feedback(provider.plan_quality_with_cot_reasons, name="Plan Quality")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Plan Adherence (exclude if agent doesn't do explicit planning)
f_plan_adherence = (
    Feedback(provider.plan_adherence_with_cot_reasons, name="Plan Adherence")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Execution Efficiency
f_execution_efficiency = (
    Feedback(provider.execution_efficiency_with_cot_reasons, name="Execution Efficiency")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Tool Selection
f_tool_selection = (
    Feedback(provider.tool_selection_with_cot_reasons, name="Tool Selection")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Tool Calling
f_tool_calling = (
    Feedback(provider.tool_calling_with_cot_reasons, name="Tool Calling")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Tool Quality
f_tool_quality = (
    Feedback(provider.tool_quality_with_cot_reasons, name="Tool Quality")
    .on(trace_selector)
)

# Use all for agents with planning
agent_feedbacks_with_planning = [
    f_logical_consistency,
    f_plan_quality,
    f_plan_adherence,
    f_execution_efficiency,
    f_tool_selection,
    f_tool_calling,
    f_tool_quality,
]

# For agents without explicit planning, exclude plan metrics
agent_feedbacks_no_planning = [
    f_logical_consistency,
    f_execution_efficiency,
    f_tool_selection,
    f_tool_calling,
    f_tool_quality,
]

Custom Feedback Function

def my_custom_metric(input_text: str, output_text: str) -> float:
    """Custom evaluation returning score between 0.0 and 1.0."""
    # Your evaluation logic here
    score = len(output_text) / (len(input_text) + len(output_text))
    return min(max(score, 0.0), 1.0)

f_custom = (
    Feedback(my_custom_metric, name="Custom Metric")
    .on_input()
    .on_output()
)

Troubleshooting

• Selector not finding data: Ensure the span attribute was set during instrumentation
• Empty context: Verify RETRIEVAL.RETRIEVED_CONTEXTS is mapped in your @instrument() decorator
• Aggregation errors: Check that collect_list=False is set when using .aggregate()
• .on_input()/.on_output() returning no data: These shortcuts require RECORD_ROOT span type. Use framework wrappers or explicit @instrument(span_type=SpanAttributes.SpanType.RECORD_ROOT, ...). See the instrumentation skill for details.
• Feedback columns show empty/null: Verify your instrumentation creates RECORD_ROOT spans with INPUT and OUTPUT attributes