telegram-dev
Telegram 生态开发全栈指南 - 涵盖 Bot API、Mini Apps (Web Apps)、MTProto 客户端开发。包括消息处理、支付、内联模式、Webhook、认证、存储、传感器 API 等完整开发资源。
Install
mkdir -p .claude/skills/telegram-dev && curl -L -o skill.zip "https://mcp.directory/api/skills/download/1982" && unzip -o skill.zip -d .claude/skills/telegram-dev && rm skill.zipInstalls to .claude/skills/telegram-dev
About this skill
Telegram 生态开发技能
全面的 Telegram 开发指南,涵盖 Bot 开发、Mini Apps (Web Apps)、客户端开发的完整技术栈。
何时使用此技能
当需要以下帮助时使用此技能:
- 开发 Telegram Bot(消息机器人)
- 创建 Telegram Mini Apps(小程序)
- 构建自定义 Telegram 客户端
- 集成 Telegram 支付和业务功能
- 实现 Webhook 和长轮询
- 使用 Telegram 认证和存储
- 处理消息、媒体和文件
- 实现内联模式和键盘
Telegram 开发生态概览
三大核心 API
-
Bot API - 创建机器人程序
- HTTP 接口,简单易用
- 自动处理加密和通信
- 适合:聊天机器人、自动化工具
-
Mini Apps API (Web Apps) - 创建 Web 应用
- JavaScript 接口
- 在 Telegram 内运行
- 适合:小程序、游戏、电商
-
Telegram API & TDLib - 创建客户端
- 完整的 Telegram 协议实现
- 支持所有平台
- 适合:自定义客户端、企业应用
Bot API 开发
快速开始
API 端点:
https://api.telegram.org/bot<TOKEN>/METHOD_NAME
获取 Bot Token:
- 与 @BotFather 对话
- 发送
/newbot - 按提示设置名称
- 获取 token
第一个 Bot (Python):
import requests
BOT_TOKEN = "your_bot_token_here"
API_URL = f"https://api.telegram.org/bot{BOT_TOKEN}"
# 发送消息
def send_message(chat_id, text):
url = f"{API_URL}/sendMessage"
data = {"chat_id": chat_id, "text": text}
return requests.post(url, json=data)
# 获取更新(长轮询)
def get_updates(offset=None):
url = f"{API_URL}/getUpdates"
params = {"offset": offset, "timeout": 30}
return requests.get(url, params=params).json()
# 主循环
offset = None
while True:
updates = get_updates(offset)
for update in updates.get("result", []):
chat_id = update["message"]["chat"]["id"]
text = update["message"]["text"]
# 回复消息
send_message(chat_id, f"你说了:{text}")
offset = update["update_id"] + 1
核心 API 方法
更新管理:
getUpdates- 长轮询获取更新setWebhook- 设置 WebhookdeleteWebhook- 删除 WebhookgetWebhookInfo- 查询 Webhook 状态
消息操作:
sendMessage- 发送文本消息sendPhoto/sendVideo/sendDocument- 发送媒体sendAudio/sendVoice- 发送音频sendLocation/sendVenue- 发送位置editMessageText- 编辑消息deleteMessage- 删除消息forwardMessage/copyMessage- 转发/复制消息
交互元素:
sendPoll- 发送投票(最多 12 个选项)- 内联键盘 (InlineKeyboardMarkup)
- 回复键盘 (ReplyKeyboardMarkup)
answerCallbackQuery- 响应回调查询
文件操作:
getFile- 获取文件信息downloadFile- 下载文件- 支持最大 2GB 文件(本地 Bot API 模式)
支付功能:
sendInvoice- 发送发票answerPreCheckoutQuery- 处理支付- Telegram Stars 支付(最高 10,000 Stars)
Webhook 配置
设置 Webhook:
import requests
BOT_TOKEN = "your_token"
WEBHOOK_URL = "https://yourdomain.com/webhook"
requests.post(
f"https://api.telegram.org/bot{BOT_TOKEN}/setWebhook",
json={"url": WEBHOOK_URL}
)
Flask Webhook 示例:
from flask import Flask, request
import requests
app = Flask(__name__)
BOT_TOKEN = "your_token"
@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST'])
def webhook():
update = request.get_json()
chat_id = update["message"]["chat"]["id"]
text = update["message"]["text"]
# 发送回复
requests.post(
f"https://api.telegram.org/bot{BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage",
json={"chat_id": chat_id, "text": f"收到: {text}"}
)
return "OK"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5000)
Webhook 要求:
- 必须使用 HTTPS
- 支持 TLS 1.2+
- 端口:443, 80, 88, 8443
- 公共可访问的 URL
内联键盘
创建内联键盘:
def send_inline_keyboard(chat_id):
keyboard = {
"inline_keyboard": [
[
{"text": "按钮 1", "callback_data": "btn1"},
{"text": "按钮 2", "callback_data": "btn2"}
],
[
{"text": "打开链接", "url": "https://example.com"}
]
]
}
requests.post(
f"{API_URL}/sendMessage",
json={
"chat_id": chat_id,
"text": "选择一个选项:",
"reply_markup": keyboard
}
)
处理回调:
def handle_callback_query(callback_query):
query_id = callback_query["id"]
data = callback_query["data"]
chat_id = callback_query["message"]["chat"]["id"]
# 响应回调
requests.post(
f"{API_URL}/answerCallbackQuery",
json={"callback_query_id": query_id, "text": f"你点击了 {data}"}
)
# 更新消息
requests.post(
f"{API_URL}/editMessageText",
json={
"chat_id": chat_id,
"message_id": callback_query["message"]["message_id"],
"text": f"你选择了:{data}"
}
)
内联模式
配置内联模式:
与 @BotFather 对话,发送 /setinline
处理内联查询:
def handle_inline_query(inline_query):
query_id = inline_query["id"]
query_text = inline_query["query"]
# 创建结果
results = [
{
"type": "article",
"id": "1",
"title": "结果 1",
"input_message_content": {
"message_text": f"你搜索了:{query_text}"
}
}
]
requests.post(
f"{API_URL}/answerInlineQuery",
json={"inline_query_id": query_id, "results": results}
)
Mini Apps (Web Apps) 开发
初始化 Mini App
HTML 模板:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<script src="https://telegram.org/js/telegram-web-app.js"></script>
<title>My Mini App</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Telegram Mini App</h1>
<button id="mainBtn">主按钮</button>
<script>
// 获取 Telegram WebApp 对象
const tg = window.Telegram.WebApp;
// 通知 Telegram 应用已准备好
tg.ready();
// 展开到全屏
tg.expand();
// 显示用户信息
const user = tg.initDataUnsafe?.user;
if (user) {
console.log("用户名:", user.first_name);
console.log("用户ID:", user.id);
}
// 配置主按钮
tg.MainButton.text = "提交";
tg.MainButton.show();
tg.MainButton.onClick(() => {
// 发送数据到 Bot
tg.sendData(JSON.stringify({action: "submit"}));
});
// 添加返回按钮
tg.BackButton.show();
tg.BackButton.onClick(() => {
tg.close();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Mini App 核心 API
WebApp 对象主要属性:
// 初始化数据
tg.initData // 原始初始化字符串
tg.initDataUnsafe // 解析后的对象
// 用户和主题
tg.initDataUnsafe.user // 用户信息
tg.themeParams // 主题颜色
tg.colorScheme // 'light' 或 'dark'
// 状态
tg.isExpanded // 是否全屏
tg.isFullscreen // 是否全屏
tg.viewportHeight // 视口高度
tg.platform // 平台类型
// 版本
tg.version // WebApp 版本
主要方法:
// 窗口控制
tg.ready() // 标记应用准备就绪
tg.expand() // 展开到全高度
tg.close() // 关闭 Mini App
tg.requestFullscreen() // 请求全屏
// 数据发送
tg.sendData(data) // 发送数据到 Bot
// 导航
tg.openLink(url) // 打开外部链接
tg.openTelegramLink(url) // 打开 Telegram 链接
// 对话框
tg.showPopup(params, callback) // 显示弹窗
tg.showAlert(message) // 显示警告
tg.showConfirm(message) // 显示确认
// 分享
tg.shareMessage(message) // 分享消息
tg.shareUrl(url) // 分享链接
UI 控件
主按钮 (MainButton):
tg.MainButton.setText("点击我");
tg.MainButton.show();
tg.MainButton.enable();
tg.MainButton.showProgress(); // 显示加载
tg.MainButton.hideProgress();
tg.MainButton.onClick(() => {
console.log("主按钮被点击");
});
次要按钮 (SecondaryButton):
tg.SecondaryButton.setText("取消");
tg.SecondaryButton.show();
tg.SecondaryButton.onClick(() => {
tg.close();
});
返回按钮 (BackButton):
tg.BackButton.show();
tg.BackButton.onClick(() => {
// 返回逻辑
});
触觉反馈:
tg.HapticFeedback.impactOccurred('light'); // light, medium, heavy
tg.HapticFeedback.notificationOccurred('success'); // success, warning, error
tg.HapticFeedback.selectionChanged();
存储 API
云存储:
// 保存数据
tg.CloudStorage.setItem('key', 'value', (error, success) => {
if (success) console.log('保存成功');
});
// 获取数据
tg.CloudStorage.getItem('key', (error, value) => {
console.log('值:', value);
});
// 删除数据
tg.CloudStorage.removeItem('key');
// 获取所有键
tg.CloudStorage.getKeys((error, keys) => {
console.log('所有键:', keys);
});
本地存储:
// 普通本地存储
localStorage.setItem('key', 'value');
const value = localStorage.getItem('key');
// 安全存储(需要生物识别)
tg.SecureStorage.setItem('secret', 'value', callback);
tg.SecureStorage.getItem('secret', callback);
生物识别认证
const bioManager = tg.BiometricManager;
// 初始化
bioManager.init(() => {
if (bioManager.isInited) {
console.log('支持的类型:', bioManager.biometricType);
// 'finger', 'face', 'unknown'
if (bioManager.isAccessGranted) {
// 已授权,可以使用
} else {
// 请求授权
bioManager.requestAccess({reason: '需要验证身份'}, (success) => {
if (success) {
console.log('授权成功');
}
});
}
}
});
// 执行认证
bioManager.authenticate({reason: '确认操作'}, (success, token) => {
if (success) {
console.log('认证成功,token:', token);
}
});
位置和传感器
获取位置:
tg.LocationManager.init(() => {
if (tg.LocationManager.isInited) {
tg.LocationManager.getLocation((location) => {
console.log('纬度:', location.latitude);
console.log('经度:', location.longitude);
});
}
});
加速度计:
tg.Accelerometer.start({refresh_rate: 100}, (started) => {
if (started) {
tg.Accelerometer.onEvent((event) => {
console.log('加速度:', event.x, event.y, event.z);
});
}
});
// 停止
tg.Accelerometer.stop();
陀螺仪:
tg.Gyroscope.start({refresh_rate: 100}, callback);
tg.Gyroscope.onEvent((event) => {
console.log('旋转速度:', event.x, event.y, event.z);
});
设备方向:
tg.DeviceOrientation.start({refresh_rate: 100}, callback);
tg.DeviceOrientation.onEvent((event) => {
console.log('方向:', event.absolute, event.alpha, event.beta, event.gamma);
});
支付集成
**发起支付 (Telegram S
Content truncated.
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