auditing-security

Auditing Security

Overview

Comprehensive security analysis to identify vulnerabilities, assess risk, and provide remediation guidance aligned with industry standards (OWASP Top 10, CVSS scoring).

Inputs:

• Codebase to audit
• docs/system-design.md - Architecture context
• docs/api-contracts.yaml - API specifications
• docs/feature-spec/F-##-*.md - Feature implementations

Outputs:

• Security findings organized by severity (CRITICAL, HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW)
• CVSS scores and OWASP Top 10 mapping
• Exploit scenarios and remediation code
• Risk-prioritized remediation plan

Quick Start

Ask for security audit with context:

• What to audit? Feature, component, or full application
• Concerns? Injection, auth bypass, data leaks, access control, API security
• Sensitive data? PII, credentials, financial data, health info, business secrets
• Existing security? JWT/sessions, RBAC/ABAC, TLS, input validation, headers, rate limiting

Scope Discovery

Q1: Audit Scope

• Specific feature or component
• Entire application (full security audit)
• Known vulnerability investigation
• Compliance check (OWASP Top 10, PCI-DSS, GDPR)
• Code review for security issues
• Infrastructure and configuration

Q2: Threat Model

• Data breaches and leaks
• Authentication bypass
• Injection attacks (SQL, XSS, command)
• Access control failures
• API security
• Infrastructure vulnerabilities
• Dependency vulnerabilities

Q3: Sensitivity Level

• Personal identifiable information (PII)
• Authentication credentials
• Financial data (payment info, transactions)
• Health information (HIPAA)
• Business secrets or proprietary data
• User-generated content

Q4: Existing Security (optional)

• Authentication method (JWT, sessions, OAuth)
• Authorization model (RBAC, ABAC)
• Encryption (TLS, at-rest encryption)
• Input validation and sanitization
• Security headers (CSP, HSTS, etc.)
• Rate limiting and throttling
• Logging and monitoring

Security Review Strategy

Sequential Review (Targeted audits)

When to use: Small codebase, single vulnerability investigation, specific attack vector, <5 files

Review vulnerabilities one area at a time using direct tools:

Injection Vulnerabilities:

• SQL injection: String concatenation in queries (db.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = '" + id + "'"))
• XSS: dangerouslySetInnerHTML, unsanitized HTML (.innerHTML = userInput)
• Command injection: Shell command construction (exec('rm ' + filename))
• NoSQL injection, LDAP injection
• Search for: db.query(, eval(, exec(, .innerHTML

Authentication/Authorization:

• Endpoints without auth checks
• Weak password requirements
• Missing rate limiting on auth endpoints
• Session management issues
• Broken access control, privilege escalation
• Search for: route handlers, auth middleware, permission checks

Sensitive Data Exposure:

• Hardcoded secrets: API keys, passwords, tokens
• Excessive data in API responses
• Logging sensitive information
• Unencrypted transmission
• Insecure storage
• Search for: apiKey, password, secret, token assignments

Security Misconfiguration:

• Missing security headers (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options)
• CORS misconfiguration
• Verbose error messages exposing internals
• Default credentials
• Debug mode in production
• Search for: server config, error handlers, CORS setup

Dependency Vulnerabilities:

• Run npm audit or equivalent
• Check for outdated packages with CVEs
• Unnecessary dependencies, supply chain risks

Parallel Scanning (Comprehensive audits)

When to use: Entire application, multiple OWASP categories, >1000 lines, multiple attack surfaces

Agent 1: Injection (OWASP A03) SQL, XSS, command, NoSQL, LDAP injection vulnerabilities

Agent 2: Authentication/Authorization (OWASP A01, A07) Missing auth, weak passwords, broken sessions, access control failures, privilege escalation

Agent 3: Data Exposure (OWASP A02) Hardcoded secrets, excessive API responses, logging sensitive data, unencrypted transmission, insecure storage

Agent 4: Configuration (OWASP A05) Missing security headers, CORS misconfiguration, verbose errors, default credentials, unnecessary services

Agent 5: Dependencies (OWASP A06) Vulnerable packages, outdated versions, supply chain risks

Finding Documentation Format

For each vulnerability:

### [SEVERITY] Issue Name
**CVSS Score:** X.X | **Category:** OWASP A##:YEAR | **Location:** `src/path/file.js:123`

**Vulnerable Code:**
[Code snippet]

**Exploit Scenario:**
[Concrete example of how to abuse this]

**Impact:**
[What attacker can achieve: data access, auth bypass, system compromise, etc.]

**Fix:**
[Secure replacement code]

**References:**
- OWASP: [link]
- CWE-##: [link]

Severity Mapping:

• 🔴 CRITICAL (CVSS 9.0-10.0): Fix immediately, authentication bypass, full database access, RCE
• 🔴 HIGH (CVSS 7.0-8.9): Fix within days, data exfiltration, significant privilege escalation
• 🟡 MEDIUM (CVSS 4.0-6.9): Fix within weeks, partial data access, limited auth bypass
• 🟢 LOW (CVSS 0.1-3.9): Fix within months, information disclosure, minor config issues

Security Audit Report

Generate comprehensive report with:

# Security Audit Report: [System Name]

## Executive Summary
**Overall Security Posture:** [CRITICAL / POOR / FAIR / GOOD / EXCELLENT]

**Vulnerability Summary:**
- CRITICAL: [X] (CVSS 9.0-10.0)
- HIGH: [Y] (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
- MEDIUM: [Z] (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
- LOW: [N] (CVSS 0.1-3.9)

**Immediate Actions Required:**
1. [Most critical issue]
2. [Second priority]

## OWASP Top 10 Assessment
| Category | Status | Findings | Priority |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|
| A01: Broken Access Control | ✅/⚠️/❌ | [count] | - |
| A02: Cryptographic Failures | ✅/⚠️/❌ | [count] | - |
| A03: Injection | ✅/⚠️/❌ | [count] | - |
| [Continue for all 10] | | | |

## Findings by Severity
[CRITICAL vulnerabilities]
[HIGH vulnerabilities]
[MEDIUM vulnerabilities]
[LOW vulnerabilities]

## Remediation Plan
### Immediate (24 hours)
[Critical and high-severity fixes]

### Short-term (1 week)
[Medium-severity fixes]

### Medium-term (1 month)
[Low-severity fixes, hardening]

## Verification Checklist
- [ ] Re-run security scans on fixed code
- [ ] Verify each vulnerability is closed
- [ ] Run `npm audit` on dependencies
- [ ] Test fixes don't break functionality
- [ ] Add security regression tests

Security Check Reference

Injection:

• SQL queries use parameterization (prepared statements, ORM)
• HTML output is sanitized (DOMPurify, escaped)
• No dynamic command execution (exec, spawn with user input)
• No eval() or similar code execution

Authentication:

• Password requirements adequate (12+ chars, complexity)
• All sensitive endpoints have auth checks
• Session management secure (httpOnly, secure cookies)
• Rate limiting on auth endpoints (5 attempts/min max)
• Credentials hashed with bcrypt/argon2, not plaintext

Data Exposure:

• No hardcoded secrets (use environment variables)
• API responses don't leak unnecessary data
• Sensitive data not in logs
• HTTPS/TLS enforced everywhere
• Sensitive data encrypted at rest (AES-256)

Configuration:

• Security headers present (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options)
• CORS properly configured (not *, validate origins)
• Error messages don't expose internals
• No default credentials
• Debug mode disabled in production

Dependencies:

• No known vulnerabilities (run npm audit)
• Packages up to date
• No unnecessary dependencies

Remediation Workflow

1. Fix each vulnerability following documented code examples
2. Verify immediately - re-run security scans, test functionality
3. Document resolution - mark findings as fixed with verification method
4. Run dependency audit - npm audit, update packages
5. Test regression - ensure fixes don't break features
6. Update docs - document security measures implemented

Examples

Example 1: SQL Injection Finding

### [CRITICAL] SQL Injection in User Login
**CVSS Score:** 9.8 | **Category:** OWASP A03:2021 | **Location:** `src/auth/login.js:45`

**Vulnerable Code:**
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${email}'`;
const user = await db.query(query);

**Exploit Scenario:**
Attacker sends: email = "admin' OR '1'='1"
→ Returns all users, bypasses authentication, gains admin access

**Impact:**
- Complete authentication bypass
- Full database access
- Data exfiltration and manipulation

**Fix:**
const query = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?';
const user = await db.query(query, [email]);

Example 2: Hardcoded Secrets Finding

### [CRITICAL] Hardcoded API Key
**CVSS Score:** 9.6 | **Category:** OWASP A02:2021 | **Location:** `src/config.js:12`

**Vulnerable Code:**
const apiKey = "sk-1234567890abcdef";

**Impact:**
- Unauthorized API access
- Billing liability
- Data access under victim's account

**Fix:**
const apiKey = process.env.API_KEY;
// Store in .env: API_KEY=sk-1234567890abcdef