openclaw-starter-guide

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OpenClaw 小白养成手册。从零开始搭建多 Agent AI 助手系统的完整指南,包含免费起步方案(Qwen 零成本)、进阶方案(MiniMax Coding Plan ¥49/月)、旗舰外援(SiliconFlow/NewCLI 按需调用)。涵盖模型策略、Fallback 链设计、额度管理、常见故障排查。适合首次部署 OpenClaw 或想优化模型成本的用户。当用户说"怎么开始"、"新手指南"、"省钱方案"、"模型怎么选"、"fallback 怎么配"时使用此 skill。

Install

mkdir -p .claude/skills/openclaw-starter-guide && curl -L -o skill.zip "https://mcp.directory/api/skills/download/4925" && unzip -o skill.zip -d .claude/skills/openclaw-starter-guide && rm skill.zip

Installs to .claude/skills/openclaw-starter-guide

About this skill

🦞 OpenClaw 小白养成手册

从零到多 Agent AI 系统的完整指南。

🎯 核心理念

OpenClaw 的模型策略就像组建一支球队:

🆓 免费球员(Qwen)    → 保底,确保系统永远在线
💰 包月主力(MiniMax)  → 日常主力,性价比最高
🚀 外援专家(旗舰模型) → 关键时刻上场,按需付费

目标:用最少的钱,让 AI 助手 24/7 在线、随时可用。


📖 目录

  1. 第一阶段:零成本起步
  2. 第二阶段:包月主力上场
  3. 第三阶段:旗舰外援加持
  4. Fallback 链设计
  5. 额度管理策略
  6. 多 Agent 架构建议
  7. 故障排查速查

前置条件

  • OpenClaw 已安装并运行:参考 官方文档 完成安装
  • 至少一个聊天渠道:Telegram、WhatsApp、Discord 等
  • Node.js 环境:用于安装 skills(clawhub CLI)
# 安装 ClawHub CLI(用于安装 skills)
npm i -g clawhub

第一阶段:零成本起步

目标:¥0 成本让系统跑起来。

推荐免费模型

来源模型特点安装 Skill
Qwen Portalqwen-portal/coder-modelOAuth 免费,128K context内置
SiliconFlowQwen/Qwen3-8BAPI Key 免费,无限调用clawhub install add-siliconflow-provider
SiliconFlowDeepSeek-R1-0528-Qwen3-8B免费推理模型同上

最简配置

只需一个 provider 就能开始:

{
  "models": {
    "providers": {
      "siliconflow": {
        "baseUrl": "https://api.siliconflow.cn/v1",
        "apiKey": "<YOUR_KEY>",
        "api": "openai-completions",
        "models": [
          {
            "id": "Qwen/Qwen3-8B",
            "name": "Qwen3 8B (Free)",
            "reasoning": false,
            "input": ["text"],
            "cost": {"input": 0, "output": 0, "cacheRead": 0, "cacheWrite": 0},
            "contextWindow": 32768,
            "maxTokens": 8192
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "agents": {
    "defaults": {
      "model": {
        "primary": "siliconflow/Qwen/Qwen3-8B"
      }
    }
  }
}

注册 SiliconFlowhttps://cloud.siliconflow.cn/i/ihj5inat (新用户送 ¥14)

免费阶段能做什么

  • ✅ 单 Agent 对话
  • ✅ 基本工具调用(文件、搜索、命令)
  • ✅ 简单自动化任务
  • ⚠️ 复杂推理能力有限(8B 模型)
  • ⚠️ 长对话可能质量下降(32K context)

第二阶段:包月主力上场

目标:¥49/月获得企业级体验。

当免费模型不够用时,上 MiniMax Coding Plan

项目
价格¥49/月
额度1500 次/5小时窗口(约 7200 次/天)
模型MiniMax M2.1(200K context)
质量对标 Claude Sonnet / GPT-4o

为什么选 MiniMax?

  • 💰 性价比无敌:¥49/月 ≈ ¥0.007/次,比按量付费便宜 100 倍
  • 📦 额度充足:7200 次/天,6 个 Agent 平均每个 1200 次
  • 🧠 200K Context:长对话不丢失上下文
  • 🔌 OpenAI 兼容openai-completions 协议即插即用

安装

clawhub install add-minimax-provider

详细配置见:add-minimax-provider

配置策略

{
  "agents": {
    "defaults": {
      "model": {
        "primary": "minimax/MiniMax-M2.1",
        "fallbacks": [
          "siliconflow/Qwen/Qwen3-8B"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

关键:免费模型放在 fallback 里!MiniMax 挂了或额度用完时,自动切到免费模型,系统不会停。


第三阶段:旗舰外援加持

目标:关键任务用最强模型,按需付费。

场景推荐模型来源价格
复杂推理DeepSeek R1SiliconFlow¥4/¥16 per M
代码重构Qwen3 Coder 480BSiliconFlow¥8/¥16 per M
顶级对话Kimi K2.5SiliconFlow¥4/¥21 per M
长文档Claude OpusNewCLI按额度
多模态Gemini 3 ProNewCLI按额度

安装

clawhub install add-siliconflow-provider  # DeepSeek/Qwen/Kimi
clawhub install add-newcli-provider       # Claude/GPT/Gemini

使用方式

不需要改默认配置。需要时用 /model 命令临时切换:

/model sf-kimi        # 切到 Kimi K2.5
/model sf-coder-480b  # 切到 Qwen3 Coder 480B
/model claude-opus    # 切到 Claude Opus
/model Minimax        # 切回 MiniMax(默认)

Fallback 链设计

Fallback 链是 OpenClaw 的生命线——主模型挂了,自动尝试下一个。

推荐 Fallback 策略

第1优先:minimax/MiniMax-M2.1 (API Key 包月主力)
    ↓ 如果额度用完或 API 故障
第2优先:minimax-portal/MiniMax-M2.1 (OAuth 免费额度)
    ↓ 如果 OAuth 也不可用
第3优先:siliconflow/Qwen/Qwen3-8B (免费兜底)
    ↓ 如果 SiliconFlow 也挂了
第4优先:qwen-portal/coder-model (OAuth 免费)
    ↓ 如果都挂了
第5优先:deepseek/deepseek-chat (便宜)
    ↓ 最后的最后
第6优先:newcli/claude-haiku (贵但稳)

配置示例

"fallbacks": [
  "minimax-portal/MiniMax-M2.1",
  "siliconflow/Qwen/Qwen3-8B",
  "qwen-portal/coder-model",
  "deepseek/deepseek-chat",
  "newcli/claude-haiku-4-5-20251001"
]

设计原则

  1. 免费模型优先放前面:先用免费的,省钱
  2. 至少 2 个不同来源:避免单一供应商全挂
  3. 最贵的放最后:Claude/GPT 只在其他全挂时才用
  4. 不放推理模型:R1/Reasoner 慢且贵,不适合 fallback

额度管理策略

MiniMax Coding Plan 额度

1500 次/5小时滑动窗口
每次调用时倒算前 5 小时消耗
每天理论上限约 7200 次

⚠️ 注意:MiniMax 额度查询 API (/coding_plan/remains) 的数据可能不准确(窗口切换后不及时刷新)。判断额度是否可用,最可靠的方法是发一个真实测试请求

均匀消耗技巧

问题:白天集中使用,凌晨浪费额度。

解决:用 cron 安排夜间自动任务:

01:00  代码质量扫描
02:00  文档评审
03:00  TODO 整理
04:00  系统健康巡检
06:00  学习材料准备
07:00  早间简报

额度监控

🔴 重要:额度查询 API 数据不可信!

MiniMax 的额度查询 API 存在惰性更新问题——窗口切换后如果没有新调用,计数器不会刷新,返回的数字可能是上一窗口的残留数据。

推荐做法:不看数字,只看真实请求能不能通。

# 判断额度是否可用的唯一可靠方法
curl -s https://api.minimaxi.com/v1/chat/completions \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"model":"MiniMax-M2.1","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"test"}],"max_tokens":3}'
# 返回 choices → 可用 | 返回 429 → 额度耗尽

配合 OpenClaw cron 定期验证即可,无需频繁轮询 API 数字。


多 Agent 架构建议

起步(1 个 Agent)

main (默认 Agent) → 处理所有事务

进阶(3-4 个 Agent)

main          → 日常对话、任务协调
coder         → 代码开发(用编码专用模型)
assistant     → 日程、邮件、提醒
config-bot    → 系统运维(用高级模型)

模型分配原则

Agent 类型推荐模型理由
日常对话MiniMax M2.1包月,不心疼
代码开发MiniMax M2.1 / sf-coder-30b编码质量好
系统运维Claude Opus需要最高可靠性
轻量任务Qwen3-8B (免费)简单任务不浪费

故障排查速查

模型不响应

# 1. 检查系统状态
openclaw doctor

# 2. 查看错误日志
tail -20 ~/.openclaw/logs/gateway.err.log

# 3. 测试模型可用性
curl -s '<BASE_URL>/chat/completions' \
  -H 'Authorization: Bearer <KEY>' \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"model":"<MODEL>","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"test"}],"max_tokens":5}'

Agent 不说话

  1. 检查 context 是否满了:sessions_listtotalTokens/contextTokens
  2. 超过 90% → 重置 session(删除 sessions.json 中对应条目)
  3. 检查 fallback 链是否配置正确

配置改错崩溃

# 恢复备份
cp ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json.backup.<TIMESTAMP> ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json
openclaw gateway restart

⚠️ 牢记agents.defaults.models.<id> 只允许 alias 字段!一个非法字段 = 全面崩溃。

额度用完

  • MiniMax Coding Plan:等 5 小时窗口重置
  • SiliconFlow:充值或切到免费模型
  • 临时方案:/model sf-qwen3-8b(免费)

详细故障排查见:openclaw-troubleshooting(开发中)


💰 成本速算

方案月费每日可用次数适合
纯免费¥0无限(质量有限)个人试玩
MiniMax 包月¥49~7200日常使用
MiniMax + SF 余额¥49 + ¥507200 + 按需旗舰进阶用户
全家桶¥49 + ¥50 + NewCLI全模型覆盖重度用户

🔗 相关资源

Provider 配置技能

技能安装命令说明
SiliconFlowclawhub install add-siliconflow-provider98+ 模型,含免费
MiniMaxclawhub install add-minimax-provider¥49/月包月方案
NewCLIclawhub install add-newcli-providerClaude/GPT/Gemini

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